OSI: Layer 4 – Transport
The transport layer is the fourth layer (layer 4) of the seven-layer OSI model. The transport layer provides end-to-end communication services for applications. Layer 4 takes care of assembling and …
TCP/IP Network Model
The TCP/IP Network Model is based on a four-layer reference model. All protocols that belong to the TCP/IP protocol suite, such as TCP, UDP, HTTP, FTP, etc., are located in …
Introduction to Ethernet
Prior to 1973, we had a network known as “sneakernet”. To get files transferred between computers, you would typically have to save the file in some form of a disk …
Increasing IP Lease Availability in DHCP
After a DHCP scope is established changes in the number of nodes that require DHCP leases may change over time. There are basically three methods to change the number of …
Load Balancing DHCP Using Split Scopes
DHCP is one of the networking services that can be very easily deployed in a fault-tolerant manner. Split-scopes are intended for scenarios where you need a highly available DHCP solution …
What is the Active Directory Schema?
The main purpose of the Active Directory (AD) schema is to simply define objects that can be stored in AD. The schema is a list of definitions that determines what …
DNS Client Settings for Domain Controllers
There are generally a few designs regarding DNS client settings for Active Directory Domain Controllers. The preferred DNS client configuration depends on the design of your Active Directory infrastructure. Only One Domain …
Metadata Cleanup for Active Directory 2008
In Active Directory 2008 and 2008 R2, you can easily clean up metadata by using Ntdsutil.exe. Ntdsutil is a command-line tool that is found on Domain Controllers and computers that …
Service Location (SRV) Resource Records
DNS servers must provide support for Service Location (SRV) resource records described in RFC 2052 in order for Active Directory to function properly. SRV resource records map the name of …
Using Single Label DNS Names for Active Directory
Prior to Active Directory, Windows NT Domain names were not fully qualified, but rather simply, single-label names. For Active Directory, it is not recommended to use a single label domain …
Deleting PTR Records with Uppercase Characters
DNS PTR Records In a DNS reverse lookup zone, your PTR (Pointer) records should not contain any uppercase characters. If they do, you may not be able to delete these …
Active Directory Search Limit
By default, the search results when querying Active Directory are limited. This limit affects all browse displays associated with Active Directory, the Active Directory Users and Computers (ADUC) management console, …